Tag Archives: Tissot

Nasal Breathing Valve, Tissot, 1904, Expiratory Switch

valve_nasal_tissot_1904_expiratory

Another version of the nasal breathing valve designed by Tissot with  an electical switch that was activated during expiration. Used one-way valves so exhaled air could be collected and analyzed.  From J. Tissot, “Nouvelle méthode de mesure et d’inscription du débit et des mouvements respiratoires de l’homme et des animaux”, Journal de physiologie et de pathologie générale, 1904, vol 6, pp. 691.

Nasal breathing valve, Tissot, 1904

valve_nasal_tissot_1904

A nasal breathing valve designed by Tissot.  Used one-way valves so exhaled air could be collected and analyzed.  Included an electical switch that was activated during inspiration.  From J. Tissot, “Nouvelle méthode de mesure et d’inscription du débit et des mouvements respiratoires de l’homme et des animaux”, Journal de physiologie et de pathologie générale, 1904, vol 6, pp. 690.

Tissot Gasometer, Collins, 120 Liter, 1967

Tissot_Gasometer_Collins_120L_1967

From “Directions for operating a Collins chain-compensated gasometer”, Second Edition Cat. No. P-469.  Warren E. Collins, Inc.  May, 1967.

“PRINCIPLE OF CONSTRUCTION

“The Gasometer is made of stainless steel with an outer body and an inner body space about two inches apart to form a water seal for the Spirometer bell fo “float” in. The inner body is also shapes to occlude most of the dead space; and the whole unit is mobile on its own casters.

“CHAIN COMPENSATION

“When the Gasometer is filled with water to the petcock level, and the Spirometer bell is in its lowest position, the bells weighs less than when it is in its highest position, because of the buoyant effect of the water.  To automatically compensate for this increasing weight so that the bell will be perfectly counterbalanced throughout its travel, the Collins Gasometer uses a chain to connect the bell to the main counterweight.  Thus, as the bell rises, more segments of chain pass over the pulley.  As the bell becomes heavier, so does the counterweight in direct proportion, with the result that almost perfect balance is achieved in all positions.

“ATTACHMENTS

“The Gasometer is fitted with the following standard attachments:

“Thermometer – indicates the temperature of the gas within the bell to facilitate various gas volume calculations.

“Auxillary Counterweight – removable so that the Spirometer maybe emptied quickly bu gravity.

“Two-Way Valve – permits addition or subtraction of gas while the patient is breathing.  May also be used for sampling.”

Adjustable Height Knob – 120 Liter model: permits telescoping of the chain and pulley downwards.  350 and 600 liter models: pulley supports unscrew.  Facilitates transportation and permits moving through low doorways.

“Leveling Screws – assures vertical position of the Spirometer so that the bell will not contact the side of the outer body.

Breathing Branch Assembly – supplies with the 120 liter Gasometer only. It serves as a support for the J-2 Valve or other breathing valves and tubing when the patient is to breathe directly into the Spirometer either from a sitting position or from the bedside.”

Spirometer, Krogh closed-circuit respiration apparatus, 1916

Krogh_Spirometer_Apparatus_1916

From “The respiratory mechanism in pneumonia”, by Newburgh LH, Means JH, Porter WT, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 24, page 583, 1916.  The spirometer is a Krogh type.

“A portion of the apparatus employed is shown in Text-Fig. 1.  The tracheal canulla of the animal in which the respiratory reaction was to be measured was joined to a rubber tube placed between two Tissot valves connected in such a way that the animal breathed into a spirometer and out of a bottle connected in turn with the spirometer, so that the lungs, the spirometer, the bottle and the connecting tubes formed a closed system. Evidently by this arrangement the volume of air passing into and out of the chest was recorded by the spirometer, while the carbon dioxide exhaled by the animal constantly accumulated in the closed system. Samples of the air thus enriched with carbon dioxide were withdrawn at frequent intervals by the mercury tubes shown in Text-fig. 1.  As each sample was taken, a mark was made on the spirometer record (the electric time-signal is not shown in Text-fig. 1).  As the carbon dioxide in the respired air increased, the spirometer curve became deeper, until the maximum was reached.”